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BACKGROUND: Visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat parameters have been associated with worse surgical outcomes in colorectal cancer but have not been investigated in diverticulitis.
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A divergent selection experiment on intramuscular fat (IMF) was performed in rabbits. The aim of this study is to estimate the response to selection, the correlated responses in carcass and meat quality traits, and their genetic p...
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A divergent selection experiment on intramuscular fat (IMF) was performed in rabbits. The aim of this study is to estimate the response to selection, the correlated responses in carcass and meat quality traits, and their genetic parameters. Selection criterion was the averaged phenotypic value of IMF measured at 9 wk of age in 2 full-sibs of the candidate. Traits considered were IMF, BW, chilled carcass weight, reference carcass weight, scapular and perirenal fat weights, carcass and meat color, pH, protein and fatty acid composition of meat. Total direct response to selection for IMF was 2.6 phenotypic SD of the trait, around 5% of the mean (1.09 g/100 g) per generation, with both lines following a symmetrical trend. Heritability of IMF was high (0.54), and in general, all traits related to carcass fat depots and IMF fatty acid composition showed high heritabilities (dissectible fat of the carcass, 0.70; MUFA percentage, 0.61; PUFA percentage, 0.45; and PUFA: SFA ratio, 0.42), except SFA percentage (0.09). The other carcass and meat quality traits showed moderate to low heritabilities. Intramuscular fat and dissectible fat percentage showed a low genetic correlation (0.34). Intramuscular fat was positively correlated with MUFA percentage (0.95) and negatively correlated with PUFA percentage (-0.89) and PUFA: SFA ratio (-0.98), corroborated with high correlated responses to selection. The rest of the traits did not show any substantial correlated response except protein content, which was greater in the high-IMF line than in the low-IMF line.
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The aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters among preschool (3-7 years of age) children of differing adiposity status. The study was conducted from February to June ...
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The aim of this study was to examine the differences between selected lifestyle and socioeconomic parameters among preschool (3-7 years of age) children of differing adiposity status. The study was conducted from February to June 2018 in 20 randomly selected kindergartens in Krakow, Poland. Triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf skinfold thicknesses were measured. The sum of all six skinfolds was calculated and the children were subsequently characterized by low (<=-1 SD [standard deviation]), normal (-1 to 1 SD) or high body fat (>= 1 SD). Socioeconomic and lifestyle characteristics were obtained using a questionnaire filled out by the children's parents or legal guardians. Preschool children in the high adiposity category had, on average, fewer siblings and longer screen time; additionally, their parents had lower education and more often worked in manual jobs, in comparison to the children in the low and average adiposity categories. In conclusion, it was observed that children in different adiposity categories varied in terms of some socioeconomic as well as lifestyle characteristics. Knowledge regarding the influence that those factors can have on the metabolic health of children is essential for children's present as well as future well-being. Moreover, it can help health care professionals and parents decide what intervention and/ or preventive measures should be undertaken to ensure the best possible outcomes, as the development of successful obesity prevention strategies should rely on evidence-based information. Nonetheless, future research examining the issue of factors influencing the metabolic health of children, as well as these outcomes later in life, is crucial. Well-planned studies including a large number of individuals, as well as longitudinal research, will be particularly beneficial in this regard.
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Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration measured in the blood plasma of 6520 seedstock Angus beef cattle (3622 bulls and 2898 heifers) from eastern Australia between 2002 and 2004 was used to estimate the heritability o...
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Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentration measured in the blood plasma of 6520 seedstock Angus beef cattle (3622 bulls and 2898 heifers) from eastern Australia between 2002 and 2004 was used to estimate the heritability of IGF-I and phenotypic and genetic correlations with net feed intake (NFI) and other production traits. The average concentration of IGF-I was 314 ng/mL measured at the average age of 242 days. A moderate heritability of 0.35 was estimated for IGF-I. IGF-I was further defined as being measured either at, or prior to, weaning (average age of 201 days) or post-weaning (average age 310 days). The genetic correlation between IGF-I recorded at the different ages was 1.0 ± 0.04. IGF-I and NFI were found to have a genetic correlation of 0.41 ± 0.21. IGF-I had positive genetic correlations of 0.22 ± 0.14, 0.19 ± 0.14, and 0.26 ± 0.15 with ultrasound-scanned subcutaneous fat depth at the rump (P8) and 12/13th rib (RIB) sites and intramuscular fat % (IMF), respectively. Corresponding phenotypic correlations were 0.14, 0.13, and 0.12, respectively, for P8, RIB, and IMF. IGF-I had low to moderate negative genetic correlations with growth traits. Direct genetic correlations for IGF-I of –0.22 ± 0.08, –0.17 ± 0.09 and –0.10 ± 0.14 were estimated with birth (BWT), 200-day (WT200), and 400-day (WT400) weights, respectively. Genetic correlations between the direct component of IGF-I and maternal components of BWT and WT200 were 0.15 ± 0.13 and 0.31 ± 0.11, respectively. Phenotypic correlations of the direct component of IGF-I with the direct components of BWT, WT200, and WT400 were –0.10, 0.06, and 0.16, respectively. Ultrasound-scanned eye muscle area (EMA) and IGF-I had genetic and phenotypic correlations of –0.22 ± 0.15 and 0.13, respectively. This study showed that IGF-I is heritable and genetically correlated with important production traits. The genetic correlations indicate that selection for lower IGF-I concentrations would result in cattle that have lower NFI (i.e. more feed efficient), are leaner, with increased growth, and possibly decreased maternal weaning weight.
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Genetic parameters for scale activity score (AS) were estimated from generations 5, 6, and 7 of a randomly selected, composite population composed of Duroc, Large White, and 2 sources of Landrace (n = 2,186). At approximately 156 ...
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Genetic parameters for scale activity score (AS) were estimated from generations 5, 6, and 7 of a randomly selected, composite population composed of Duroc, Large White, and 2 sources of Landrace (n = 2,186). At approximately 156 d of age, pigs were weighed (BW) and ultrasound backfat measurements (BF1, BF2, and BF3) were done. While pigs were in the scale, an AS was assigned, which ranged from 1 (calm) to 5 (highly excited), where 58.1, 28.5, 8.9, 4.0, and 0.5% were scored as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Statistical model effects were year-week of measurement, sex, covariates of age for AS and BW or BW for BF1, BF2, and BF3, and an animal direct genetic effect. A 5-trait linear mixed model was used. Estimated heritabilities were 0.23, 0.54, 0.56, 0.52, and 0.48 for AS, BW, BF1, BF2, and BF3, respectively. Estimated genetic correlations between AS and BW, AS and BF1, AS and BF2, and AS and BF3 were 0.38, 0.11, 0.12, and 0.16 respectively. Results indicated AS had a heritable genetic component and was genetically correlated with performance traits. Estimated genetic correlations between AS and backfat measurements adjusted to a common BW were negative, as was the genetic correlation of AS with BW. Therefore, selection for more docile animals would be expected to result in fatter, faster growing pigs.
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This article is investigating constitutional and age characteristics of the body length, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and the absolute fat mass of Kyrgyz women. The features of the BMI and fat body mass in females with diff...
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This article is investigating constitutional and age characteristics of the body length, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and the absolute fat mass of Kyrgyz women. The features of the BMI and fat body mass in females with different constitutional and age groups were studied. According to our study, the leptosomatic group of body constitution was determined in 20% of women, while the mesosomatic group noted in 32%, megalosomatic group recorded in 33%, and an indefinite group established in 15% among the studied women. Stenoplastic constitution was 66% - 77% in the leptosomal constitution; asthenic thin bone group was 18% - 24%; and broad bone group somatotypes were 5 - 10%. The proportion of the mesoplastic group was 31 - 66%, which is greater than picnic somatotype (34% - 69%). Results of our study revealed constitutional and age peculiarities are important for prescriptions in practical medicine.
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High-concentrate diets can lead to subacute ruminal acidosis and are known to result in changes of the ruminal fermentation pattern and mammary secretion of fatty acids. The objective of this paper is to describe modifications in ...
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High-concentrate diets can lead to subacute ruminal acidosis and are known to result in changes of the ruminal fermentation pattern and mammary secretion of fatty acids. The objective of this paper is to describe modifications in milk fatty acid proportions, particularly odd- and branched-chain fatty acids and rumen biohydrogenation intermediates, associated with rumen parameters during a 6-wk subacute ruminal acidosis induction protocol with 12 ruminally fistulated multiparous cows. The protocol involved a weekly gradual replacement of a standard dairy concentrate with a wheat-based concentrate 610g of wheat/kg of concentrate during the first 5 wk and an increase in the total amount of concentrate in wk 6. Before the end of induction wk 6, cows were switched to a control diet because 7 cows showed signs of sickness. The pH was measured continuously by an indwelling pH probe. Milk and rumen samples were taken on d 2 and 7 of each week. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model and by principal component analysis. A pH decrease occurred after the first concentrate switch but rumen parameters returned to the original values and remained stable until wk 5. In wk 5 and 6, rumen pH values were indicative of increasing acidotic conditions. After switching to the control diet in wk 6, rumen pH values rapidly achieved normal values. Odd- and branched-chain fatty acids and C18:1 trans-10 increased with increasing amount of concentrate in the diet, whereas C18:1 trans-11 decreased. Four fatty acids [C18:1 trans-10, C15:0 and C17:0+C17:1 cis-9 negative loadings , and iso C14:0 positive loading ] largely correlated with the first principal component PC1 , with cows spread along the PC1 axis. The first 4 wk of the induction experiment showed variation across the second principal component PC2 only, with high loadings of anteiso C13:0 negative loading and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 and C18:1 trans-11 positive loadings . Weeks 5 and 6 deviated from PC2 and tended toward the negative PC1 axis. A discriminant analysis using a stepwise approach indicated the main fatty acids discriminating between the control and acidotic samples as iso C13:0, iso C16:0, and C18:2 cis-9,trans-11 rather than milk fat content or C18:1 trans-10, which have been used before as indicators of acidosis. This shows that specific milk fatty acids have potential in discriminating acidotic cases.
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Eight trained horses (6 mares - 2 geldings, 6 Selle Francais, 2 Trotteur Francais, 12 +/- 5.8years old, 538 +/- 72.5kg) were offered three diets to potentially affect haematology and the fatty acids (FA) profiles in red blood cell...
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Eight trained horses (6 mares - 2 geldings, 6 Selle Francais, 2 Trotteur Francais, 12 +/- 5.8years old, 538 +/- 72.5kg) were offered three diets to potentially affect haematology and the fatty acids (FA) profiles in red blood cells (RBC) membranes. The control diet was composed of 50% hay and 50% concentrate containing mainly rolled barley (48%) and whole spelt (48%). In the case of sunflower oil diet, sunflower oil (62.0% of -linoleic acid, LA) was incorporated at a rate of 8% and substituted by an equal proportion of barley. In the linseed oil diet, first cold-pressed linseed oil (56.0% of -linolenic acid, ALA) was utilised at a similar incorporation rate of 8%. The experimental design consisted of three 3x3 latin squares with one being incomplete. Each period lasted 8weeks. On average, the total feed intake (straw excluded) was 6.2kg/day and the oil intake 0.278kg/day. The oils significantly increased the concentrations of RBC, haemoglobin and haematocrit. The oils had no significant impact on the haematology profiles except that platelets tended to decrease in both oil-based diets. The most abundant FA in the RBC membranes of the control diet samples were in the decreasing order LA, C18:1n9-7, C18:0, C16:0 and the arachidonic acid (ARA) respectively. The sunflower oil supplementation slightly increased the amount of LA (36.23 vs. 34.72mg/dl, p=0.55) and C22:4n-6 (0.21 vs. 0.09mg/dl, p=0.22), while the decrease was observed in case of other FA (C16:1n-7, 1.08 vs. 1.42mg/dl, p=0.03), C20:3n-6 (0.22 vs. 0.31mg/dl, p=0.02), and ARA (1.17 vs. 1.63mg/dl, p=0.08). Linseed oil induced similar effects in the n-6 series FA profiles. In the context of practical applications, our results show that linseed oil incorporation in the diet could improve the haematology and the n-3 FA profiles potentially leading to an increased performance.
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